АПОКАЛИПСИС. Berry Apocalypse. Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts. Paris, France, ca. 1415.
Medieval & Renaissance Manuscripts
Рукописи Средневековья и Возрождения
Berry Apocalypse
France, Paris, ca. 1420
Written and illuminated in Paris, France, ca. 1415. Decoration: 85 large miniatures. Artist: Master of the Berry Apocalypse.
© The Morgan Library & Museum, 225 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, (212) 685-0008
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1. Evangelist, John: Pen flourished initial begins text.
Illustration of Revelation 1:09.
2. Apocalypse: John to Seven Churches -- Church, round with round central tower is inscribed UNE EGLISE, with seven niches each inscribed, containing angel, nimbed, holding object, including apple, CEST ANGLE TIET UNE POME; animal, CEST UNE PIEVRE; star, CEST UN ESTOILLE; book, UN LIURE; bird, UN COULON; unknown object, UN SIEGE, below which is drawing of table or bench; candle or rod, UNE UEUGE.
Illustration of Revelation.
3. Apocalypse: Christ and Candlesticks -- Christ, nimbed, wearing three-tiered papal tiara, and holding sword in mouth, is seated on throne holding book in right hand, and seven stars in left hand. He is flanked by seven candlesticks.
Illustration of Revelation 1:12-13.
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1. Apocalypse: Christ, Adoration by Elders -- Christ, nimbed, wearing three-tiered papal tiara, is seated within mandorla, raising right hand, and holding book in left hand. He is flanked by seven lamps. Twenty-four Elders, crowned, surround mandorla; four beasts, nimbed and winged, are in corners.
Illustration of Revelation, 4.
2. Apocalypse: John weeping, with Elder -- Evangelist John, nimbed, raising right hand and holding chalice in draped left hand, is flanked by Elder crowned, raising right hand and with left hand grasping right shoulder of John, and by bust of angel in sky, nimbed, holding scroll in left hand.
Scene within hilly landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation, 5:2.
3. Apocalypse: Christ, Adoration by Elders -- Christ, cross-nimbed and wearing three-tiered papal tiara, is seated in mandorla, raising right hand and resting left hand on globe on left knee. Twenty-four Elders, some crowned and some with crowns falling, are seated on thrones around mandorla.
Illustration of Revelation 4:10-11.
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1. Apocalypse: Lamb enthroned -- Lamb, nimbed, with seven eyes and seven horns, stands on altar with cross-inscribed banner on staff.
Scene within hilly landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation 5:6.
2. Apocalypse: Lamb taking Book -- In sky, lamb, crossed-nimbus, rests right foreleg on open book with seven seals. The book is on right knee of Christ, cross-nimbed and wearing conical tiara, seated, raising right hand, and holding tripartite globe in left hand. Below is landscape with buildings, trees, and rocky outcrops.
Illustration of Revelation 5:7.
3. Apocalypse: Seal I, White Horse -- Rider, crowned, holding bow in right hand and arrows in left hand, and wearing money bag at waist, is astride gray horse, bridled. Beast (angel), emerging from cloud, holds scroll inscribed MATHIEU.
Scene within landscape with rocky outcrops and trees.
Illustration of Revelation 6:1-2.
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1. Apocalypse: Seal II, Red Horse -- Rider, wearing hat, holding upturned sword, is astride horse, bridled, before Beast (lion) inscribed S(AINT) MARC.
Scene within landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 6:3-4.
2. Apocalypse: Seal III, Black Horse -- Beast (ox), nimbed, winged, and inscribed S(AINT) LU[...], stands before rider, wearing feathered headgear, holding scales in right hand, and wearing spurs, sitting astride bridled black horse.
Scene within hilly landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation 6:5
3. Apocalypse: Seal IV, Pale Horse -- Figures stand amid flames in hell mouth from which emerges skeleton, holding upturned sword in left hand astride gray horse, saddled and bridled. Above is Beast (eagle), labeled LAIGLE and S(AINT) JEHAN.
Scene in hilly landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 6:7-8.
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1. Apocalypse: Seal V, Souls of Martyrs -- Within draped altar, souls kneel with joined hands. The foremost is clothed by descending angel.
Scene within hilly landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 6:9-11
2. Apocalypse: Seal VI, Earthquake -- Landscape with hills, toppled and broken trees, and toppled buildings below personifications of sun and moon in blue sky.
Illustration of Revelation 6:12-17.
3. Apocalypse: Winds restrained -- Angel, holding with both hands, head as personification of wind, flies above landscape of trees and rocky outcrop.
Illustration of Revelation 7:1.
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1. Apocalypse: Lamb, Adoration by Multitude -- Christ, cross-nimbed, wearing papal tiara (?), is seated raising right hand in gesture of blessing, holding book in left hand. Lamb, cross-nimbed, is to left. They are flanked by two angels and by eight male figures, including deacons, holding palms.
Illustration of Revelation 7:9.
2. Apocalypse: Seal VII, Trumpets given -- Christ, cross-nimbed, wearing papal tiara , is seated amid clouds, raising right hand and holding tripartite globe extended in right hand. He is flanked by seven angels each blowing trumpet. Below is landscape of hill flanked by trees.
Illustration of Revelation 8:1-2.
3. Apocalypse: Angel with Censer -- Angel, nimbed, right hand resting on left knee and swinging censer with left hand, kneels on right knee before draped altar.
Illustration of Revelation 8:3-4.
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1. Apocalypse: Angels Seven, sounding Trumpets -- Seven angels stand in sky on clouds blowing trumpets looking down on rocky landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 8:6.
2. Apocalypse: Trumpet II, Burning Mountain -- Mountain falls from sky toward roiling sea in which are three ships and prow of fourth.
Illustration of Revelation 8:8-9.
3. Apocalypse: Trumpet III, Burning Star -- Burning star falls from starry sky into roiling sea.
Illustration of Revelation 8:10.
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1. Apocalypse: Trumpet IV, Partial Darkness -- Angel, blowing trumpet, flies over hilly landscape with trees. Above in starry sky are personifications of sun and moon.
Illustration of Revelation 8:12.
2. Apocalypse: Cry of Three Woes -- Eagle, holds scroll, inscribed DOULEUR DOULEUR, in beak, as it flies over landscape of rocky outcrop, trees, plants, and hill.
Illustration of Revelation 8:13.
3. Apocalypse: Trumpet V, Locust Plague and Apocalypse: Trumpet V, Falling Star -- Angel Apollyon, crowned and wearing armor, is astride locust, represented as bridled horse, winged, with crowned, long-haired human head. Apollyon indicates pit or well above which is key and into which star is falling.
Illustration of Revelation 9:1-3.
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1. Apocalypse: Trumpet VI, Angels at Euphrates -- Before draped altar, stand two angels, one holding upturned sword, the other holding spear.
Illustration of Revelation 8:11-12.
2. Apocalypse: Trumpet VI, Horsemen -- Of group of soldiers wearing helmets and armor, two foremost ride horses, bridled, with lion heads. All are within hilly landscape with tree and plants.
Illustration of Revelation 9:16-20.
3. Apocalypse: Mighty Angel -- John, nimbed, is seated, receiving pen with right hand, and book with left hand, from angel emerging from cloud above.
Illustration of Revelation 10:1-4.
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1. Apocalypse: John taking Book -- John, nimbed, holds palm in right hand and extends left hand holding book touched by both hands of bust of angel emerging from arc of Heaven.
Scene within landscape of hills, trees and plants.
Illustration of Revelation 10:8-9.
2. Apocalypse: John measuring Temple -- John, nimbed, raising right hand and holding book in draped left hand, stands before draped altar and reed for measuring.
Illustration of Revelation 11:1.
3. Apocalypse: Witnesses -- In sky, Enoch, inscribed ENOC, follows behind horsedrawn fiery chariot containing Elias, inscribed ELIE, both looking up with hands outstretched. Below is landscape with hill, plants and trees.
Illustration of Revelation 11:3.
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1. Apocalypse: Witnesses slain -- Before horseman, possibly tonsured, holding upturned sword in right hand, beast, with lion head, bites neck of witness falling to ground.
Illustration of Revelation 11:7.
2. Apocalypse: Witnesses, People rejoicing -- Two witnesses, names inscribed ENOC and ELIE, lie on ground, before group of four men, two wearing soft pointed caps, one wearing headgear and indicating witnesses.
Scene within rocky landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation 11:8-10.
3. Apocalypse: Witnesses, Ascension -- Two witnesses, inscribed ENOC and ELIE, above the earth amid clouds, look up, one with hands joined, and the other with joined hands extended.
Scene with hilly landscape and trees.
Illustration of Revelation 11:11.
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1. Apocalypse: Trumpet VII, Adoration in Heaven -- Amid clouds, four Elders, two with hands joined, stand before Christ, cross-nimbed, wearing conical tiara, seated, right hand raised, holding globe with left hand on left knee. All are above hilly landscape with two trees.
Illustration of Revelation 11:14-17.
2. Apocalypse: Woman clothed with Sun -- Woman of the Apocalypse, crowned, without sun, holding palm in right hand and book in left, and pregnant, is standing on head and crescent of personification of moon. Before her is seven-headed dragon, inscribed DRAGON, with nine stars on tail.
Illustration of Revelation 12:1.
3. Apocalypse: Dragon attacked by Michael and Apocalypse: Dragon cast to Earth -- Two of three dragons, winged, with bird claws as hands and feet fall to earth; only claw feet of third are visible above opening of pit. Archangel Michael, nimbed, wearing armor, raising sword in right hand and holding cross-inscribed shield in left hand flies toward falling dragons from cloud-edged arc of Heaven.
Scene within hilly landscape with tree and plants.
Illustration of Revelation 12:7-8.
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1. Apocalypse: Dragon persecuting Woman and Apocalypse: Woman in Wilderness -- Dragon, inscribed LE DEABLE, with mouth open and tongue emerging, rests in sky behind Woman of Apocalypse, hands joined (?), inscribed LEGLISE, flying above trees.
Illustration of Revelation 13:12-16.
2. Apocalypse: Woman, Child caught up -- Dragon, mouth open and tongue or water emerging, approaches back of Woman of the Apocalypse, inscribed LEGLISE, wearing headress, holding swaddled infant in both arms, and looking back over right shoulder.
Scene within hilly landscape with plants and trees.
Illustration of Revelation 12:15-16.
3. Apocalypse: Dragon persecuting Seed of Woman -- Dragon, bearing illegible inscription, with human head, is attacked by group of men, some wearing armor and helmets, armed with saber, bows and arrows, and spear and round shield. Two dragons, with claws for hands and feet, and tails, fly above.
Scene within rocky landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 12:17-18.
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1. Apocalypse: Beast and Dragon -- Beast, spotted lion headed animal with ten horns, each with crown, and seven heads, inscribed ANTECRIST, and dragon, wingless, inscribed DEABLE, holding in its mouth, book with one seal.
Scene within hilly landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation 13:1-3.
2. Apocalypse: Beast and Dragon, Worship -- Group of men, two with hands joined, kneel before man, inscribed ANTECRIST, astride bridled horse, and dragon, inscribed LEMIEMY. Two dragons fly overhead.
Scene within landscape with rocky outcrop and tree.
Illustration of Revelation 13:3.
3. Apocalypse: Beast blaspheming -- Before church, inscribed TABERNACLE, stands male figure, inscribed ANTECRIST, wearing miter, resting right hand on break in tower of church. On his shoulders stands devil, holding crozier in right hand.
Scene within landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation 13:06.
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1. Apocalypse: Beast, War with Saints -- Beast as horse, inscribed ANTECRIST, with three horns each with head on end, rests front right hoof on two nude bodies reclining on ground.
Illustration of Revelation 13:7.
2. Apocalypse: False Prophet rising from Earth -- False prophet as goat, with two horns and beard, stands on fallen tree before three male figures, one wearing headgear, two wearing soft hats. One looks back over his left shoulder at flames falling from sky above them.
Illustration of Revelation 13:11-13.
3.Apocalypse: False Prophet slaying People who refuse to worship Beast -- False Prophet, inscribed ANTECRIST, as male figure, tonsured, with two horns, raising spear in right hand, stands behind three male figures, one looking back over his right shoulder.
Scene within landscape with trees.
Illustration of Revelation 13:15.
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1. Apocalypse: False Prophet marking People -- Three men, two wearing soft hats, and one with knotted headgear, each hold small head, one in right hand, one with both hands, one in left hand. They stand in line before false prophet as male figure, tonsured, wearing habit and holding book (?) with pseudo-inscription in right hand. Background is inscribed LES LIVREES ANTECR(IS)T.
Illustration of Revelation 13:16.
2. Apocalypse: Lamb, Adoration on Mt. Zion -- Three figures, nimbed, the foremost holding box, approach lamb, all above inscription LES AMES ENSUIVENT ME(SSIA)H JH(ES)UCRIST; angel, inscribed LANGLE TIENT UNE CYCHOLE, flies above.
Illustration of Revelation .
3. Apocalypse: Lamb, Adoration, New Song -- Christ, cross-nimbed, wearing conical tiara, is seated amid clouds, raising right hand and holding tripartite globe with left hand on left knee. He is flanked by four angels playing harp, lute, shawm (?) and viol. Below is landscape with tree and rocky outcrop.
Illustration of Revelation 14:02.
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1. Apocalypse: Angel I, Everlasting Gospel -- Group of five men, one wearing soft peaked hat, another wearing hat, one raising right hand, another with clasped hands look toward angel flying overhead, looking back over right shoulder, both hands extended holding book.
Scene within landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 14:06.
2. Apocalypse: Angel II, Fall of Babylon -- With right hand, Angel indicates city, inscribed BABILONNE, surrounded by cracking wall.
Illustration of Revelation 14:8.
3. Apocalypse: Angel III, Beast Worshippers -- Group of five men and one woman her hands crossed on chest, all nude, lassoed and lead by devil, winged, with feet and hands of bird claws, into flaming Hell Mouth, labelled ENFER on background, wherein are two men, one with hoof for hand, and possibly one woman.
Illustration of Revelation 14:9-11.
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1. Apocalypse: Blessed Dead -- Group of five men and one woman, hands extended, all nude, approach the Heavenly City where Peter, nimbed and tonsured, stands in doorway, extending right hand and holding key in left hand. Faces peer out of windows in upper level. Above, PARADISO is inscribed in background.
Illustration of Revelation 14:13.
2. Apocalypse: Earth, Harvest -- Angel, crowned, raising right hand, holding sickle extended in left hand, emerges from cloud. Below, winged male figure indicates with left hand, field of wheat.
Illustration of Revelation 14:14-15.
3. Apocalypse: Earth, Vintage -- Angel, kneeling on right knee, holding basket in left hand, cuts fruit, possibly grapes, from bush with knife.
Illustration of Revelation 14:17-18.
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1. Apocalypse: Song of Moses and Lamb -- Christ, cross-nimbed, torso partially uncovered, raising right hand, extending left hand downward, is seated on arc, His feet resting on tripartite globe. He is flanked above by two angels playing trumpets. Below, five nude personifications of souls, four male, one female, emerge from holes in earth. One wears crown; another wears two-tiered tiara surmounted by cross; a third raises joined hands.
Illustration of Revelation 15:2-4.
2. Seven men as personifications of vices: Pride, inscribed ORGUEIL, wearing crown; Envy, inscribed CONVOITISE, wearing soft peaked hat, lifting crown from Pride with right hand; Anger, inscribed YRE, holding upturned sword in right hand; Avarice, inscribed AVARICE, holding purse in right hand; Gluttony, inscription illegible, wearing hat, and raising bowl to mouth with left hand; Sloth, inscribed PARESTE, reclining on ground, resting his head on left hand, supporting himself with right hand; and Lust, inscribed LUXYURE, semi-reclining on ground, combing his hair (Seven Deadly Sins).
Illustration of Berengaudus.
3. Apocalypse: Vials given -- Of busts of seven angels in cloud-edged arc of Heaven, six hold vials and the seventh extends right hand to vial in open mouth of Beast inscribed S(AINT) MARC standing on earth below.
Illustration of Revelation 15:7.
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1. Apocalypse: Vial I, Sores -- Emerging from cloud-edged arc of Heaven, bust of angel pours contents of vial on to five men on earth, one semi-reclining, wearing hat, one falling to earth and three lying on ground, one with eyes closed.
Scene in hilly landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 16:2.
2. Apocalypse: Vial II, Sea of Blood -- Angel, emerging from cloud-edged arc of Heaven, pours blood from vial on to sea below.
Illustration of Revelation 16:3.
3.Apocalypse: Vial IV, Scorching Heat -- Angel, in arc of Heaven, pours vial of blood on rays from personification of sun. Below, four men, one wearing headdress, and four sheep stand in or approach openings in hills.
Illustration of Revelation 16:8-9.
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1. Apocalypse: Vial V, Seat of Beast -- From cloud-edged arc of Heaven, angel pours vial of blood down on to group of five men, one tonsured, one wearing hat, one wearing cowl.
Scene within landscape with rocky outcrop and tree.
Illustration of Revelation 16: 10-11.
2. Apocalypse: Vial VI, Frogs -- Devil, winged, with claws for hands and feet, emerges from mouth on each head of seven-headed beast, inscribed ANTECRIST.
Illustration of Revelation 16:13.
3. Apocalypse: Vial VII, Earthquake -- Angel emerging from cloud pours blood from vial down on to city of Babylon where buildings are damaged, two trees are broken and two are uprooted.
Illustration of Revelation 16:18-19.
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1. Apocalypse: Scarlet Woman drunk -- Scarlet Woman, with personification of sun resting on her headdress, is seated on faldstool, right hand resting beside right knee, her left hand in her lap, and her feet resting on head and crescent of personification of moon.
Illustration of Revelation 17:3-6.
2. Apocalypse: Scarlet Woman on Beast -- Scarlet Woman, crowned, holding lamp or covered vessel in right hand, is astride Beast with seven heads, each with tongue issuing from mouth.
Illustration of Revelation 17:3.
3. Apocalypse: Babylon, Fall -- Bust of angel emerging from cloud-edged arc of Heaven holds personification of sun with both hands. Below three devils, all with claw feet, of which two have claw hands, two are armed with spears and one is armed with scourge, attack city of Babylon.
Illustration of Revelation 18: 1-2.
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1. Apocalypse: Angel with Millstone -- Angel stands on shore near sea, holding millstone upright with both hands.
Illustration of Revelation 18:21.
2. Apocalypse: Christ, Praise of Judgment -- Christ, cross-nimbed, wearing conical tiara, raising right hand and holding tripartite globe in draped left hand is seated, flanked by four angels playing viol, trumpet, portative organ and lute. All are within cloud-edged arc of Heaven.
Illustration of Revelation 19:1-5.
3. Apocalypse: John hearing Voice -- John, nimbed, is reclining on ground, supporting head on right hand and holding palm with left hand. Before him sit two bearded male figures, heads draped, with knees drawn up, looking at open books resting on their knees.
Scene within landscape of rocky outcrops and trees with water in foreground.
Illustration of Revelation 19:6.
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1. Apocalypse: John and Angel -- John, nimbed, is seated on ground, legs crossed, holding pen in right hand, writing on scroll resting on left knee, indicating with left hand, Evangelist Symbol, eagle, nimbed, looking back at John Baptist, nimbed, indicating with right hand lamb, cross-nimbed, held in draped left hand. Angel is not present.
Illustration of Revelation 19:9.
2. Apocalypse: Christ, Armies of Heaven -- Christ, crowned, with sword in mouth, is astride bridled horse, raising right hand and holding reins with left hand beside four men, all wearing headgear, two mounted on bridled horses.
Scene within landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 19:11-15.
3. Apocalypse: Birds summoned -- Three birds, including eagle, fly toward earth beside bust of angel, emerging from cloud, indicating earth with right hand. Below, three human corpses lie on ground beside two dead horses.
Scene within landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 19:17-18.
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1.Apocalypse: Beast, Battle -- Scarlet Woman, wearing hat, holding scepter (?) in left hand, rides beast, inscribed ANTECRIST, with seven heads each with tongue projecting from mouth.
Illustration of Revelation 19:19.
2. Apocalypse: Beast, Battle -- Scarlet Woman, wearing hat, holding scepter (?) in left hand, rides beast, inscribed ANTECRIST, with seven heads each with tongue projecting from mouth.
Illustration of Revelation 19:19.
3. Apocalypse: Dragon imprisoned -- Angel, nimbed, flying in sky, holding key in right hand, and in left hand, end of chain around neck of devil, pulls devil, horned, winged, with claws for hands and feet, toward Hell Mouth wherein are flames and two figures.
Scene within hilly landscape with two trees.
Illustration of Revelation 20:1-3.
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1. Apocalypse: First Resurrection -- Above, Christ, cross nimbed, wearing three tiered papal tiara surmounted with cross, is seated , raising right hand in blessing, holding with left hand on left knee, tripartite globe surmounted by cross. He is flanked by four male figures, nimbed, one wearing hat. Below three figures, nude, lie on ground, bleeding from neck.
Illustration of Revelation 20:4-5.
2. Apocalypse: Satan freed -- Devil, winged, with claw hands and feet, opens door in wall, through which man is stepping. Behind him is group of men, some wearing hats. Scene bears inscription LE DEABLE FAIT OUVRETURE AUX GENS ... QUI SONT ENTLOS ENTRE LES MONTAIGNES
Illustration of Revelation 20:7.
3. Apocalypse: Satan cast down -- First of three men, one wearing soft hat, is led by devil, with claws for hands and feet, into Hell Mouth.
Scene within hilly landscape with two trees.
Illustration of Revelation 20:09.
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1. Apocalypse: Last Resurrection and Judgment -- Amid clouds, angel, holding book with both hands, kneels on one knee before Christ, cross nimbed, wearing conical tiara, raising right hand. Below, one of five dead rising from graves is sewn into shroud, and another raises joined hands. Shrine with cross is at right.
Illustration of Revelation 20:11-12.
2. Apocalypse: Christ promising New Age -- Christ, cross nimbed, raising right hand in blessing, with left hand touches the right hand of woman, nude, and right hand of man, nude, who flank Him. Above, right, is city of Jerusalem in cloud-edged arc of Heaven.
Scene within landscape with four trees.
Illustration of Revelation 21:2-4.
3. Apocalypse: New Jerusalem -- Woman, wearing headdress, hands joined, kneels before Lamb beside walled city of Jerusalem.
Scene within rocky landscape with tree.
Illustration of Revelation 21:9-14.
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1. Apocalypse: River of Life and Apocalypse: Tree of Life -- Tree in foreground is beside stream issuing from breast of Lamb standing up on rocky outcrop.
Illustration of Revelation 22:1-2.
2. Apocalypse: John and Angel -- John, nimbed, hands joined, kneels before angel, right hand raised, left hand holding book before face of John.
Illustration of Revelation 22:8-10.
3. Apocalypse: Time at Hand -- John, nimbed, standing behind low wall, addresses group of six men, seated, five of whom wear hats, one with small sack attached to girdle.
Illustration of Revelation 22:10-11.